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5B GRAMMAR
Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect continuous (also called present perfect progressive) is a verb tense which is used to show that an action started in the past and has continued up to the present moment. The present perfect continuous usually emphasizes duration, or the amount of time that an action has been taking place. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and present perfect continuous exercises.
Present Perfect Continuous Forms

The present perfect continuous is formed using has/have + been + present participle. Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and has/have. Negatives are made with not.
You have been waiting here for two hours.
Have you been waiting here for two hours?
You have not been waiting here for two hours.
Complete List of Present Perfect Continuous Forms

Present Perfect Continuous Uses
USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now
We use the present perfect continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. «For five minutes,» «for two weeks,» and «since Tuesday» are all durations which can be used with the present perfect continuous.

Examples:
  • They have been talking for the last hour.
  • She has been working at that company for three years.
  • What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
  • We have been waiting here for over two hours!
  • Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?
USE 2 Recently, Lately
You can also use the present perfect continuous WITHOUT a duration such as «for two weeks.» Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of «lately.» We often use the words «lately» or «recently» to emphasize this meaning.

Examples:
  • Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
  • She has been watching too much television lately.
  • Have you been exercising lately?
  • Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
  • Lisa has not been practicing her English.
  • What have you been doing?
IMPORTANT
Remember that the present perfect continuous has the meaning of «lately» or «recently.» If you use the present perfect continuous in a question such as «Have you been feeling alright?», it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as «Have you been smoking?» can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for mixed verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using present perfect continuous with these verbs, you must use present perfect.

Examples:
  • Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct
  • Sam has had his car for two years. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:
  • You have only been waiting here for one hour.
  • Have you only been waiting here for one hour?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:
  • Recently, John has been doing the work. Active
  • Recently, the work has been being done by John. Passive
NOTE: Present perfect continuous is less commonly used in its passive form.
5B VOCABULARY
Farm Vocabulary
Llama
– Лама
Longhorn
– Лонгорн
Machete
– Мачете
Mare
– Кобыла
Meadow
– Луг
Milk
– Молоко
Mower
– Косилка
Mulch
– Мульча
Mule
– Мул
Oats
– Овес
Orchard
– Сад
Ox
– Вол
Pail
– Ведро
Pasture
– Пастбище
Pick
– Собирать
Pickaxe
– Кирка
Pig
– Свинья
Piglet
– Поросенок
Egg
– Яйцо
Fallow
– Пахотный (земля)
Farm
– Ферма
Farmer
– Фермер
Farmhouse
– Фермерский дом
Feed 
– Корм
Fence
– Забор
Fertilizer 
– Удобрение
Field
– Поле
Flock
– Стадо
Foal
– Жеребенок
Food
– Еда
Fruit
– Фрукты
Gander 
– Гусак
Gate
– Ворота
Geese
– Гуси
Goat
– Коза
Goose
– Гусь
Silo
– Силос
Soil
– Почва
Sow 
– Сеять
Stallion
– Жеребец
Steer
– Быковать
Swine
– Свиньи
Tend
– Заботиться
Till
– Обрабатывать землю
Tiller
– Плуг
Tractor
– Трактор
Trough
– Кормушка
Trowel
– Мотыга
Turkey
– Индейка
Udder
– Вымя
Vegetable
– Овощ
Water
– Вода
Weeds
– Сорняки
Acre
– Акр
Acreage
–  Площадь (земли)
Agriculture
– Сельское хозяйство
Barley
– Ячмень
Barn
– Амбар
Bee
– Пчела
Beehive
– Улья
Bison
– Бизон
Bucket
– Ведро
Calf
– Телёнок
Cat
– Кошка
Cattle
– Крупный рогатый скот
Chick
– Цыплёнок
Chicken
– Курица
Coop
– Курятник
Corn
– Кукуруза
Crow
– Ворона
Cultivator
– Культиватор
Hatchery
– Инкубатор
Hay 
– Сено
Haystack
– Сеновал
Hen
– Курица
Herd
– Стадо
Hive
– Улей
Hoe
– Мотыга
Hog
– Свинья (крупная)
Honey 
– Мед
Honeybee
– Пчела
Horse
– Лошадь
Incubator
– Инкубатор
Insecticide
– Инсектицид
Irrigation
– Орошение
Examples of Farm Vocabulary
  • The cattle were pastured on rich meadow
  • Don’t stir the milk until it creams.
  • The main crops were oats and barley.
  • I always have a boiled egg for breakfast.
  • Their farm has been reduced to half its former size.
  • The farmer kept many geese on his pond.
  • You should add some synthetic fertilizer to the soil.
  • The fruit seller charged me too much money.
  • He planted the grains of rice in the soft, wet soil.
  • They travel the stallion to different farms.
  • Use a trowel to collect about 1 kg of sediment from the bottom of the stream.
  • The potato is the most popular vegetable in Britain.
  • The area depends on agriculture for most of its income.
  • Did the storm do any harm to the corn?
  • You don’t add the peanut butter until after you’ve stirred in the honey.

5B Test 1

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
He (work) has been working in this company since 1985
I (wait) have been waiting for you since two o'clock.
How long (learn / you) have you been learning English?
We (look for) have been looking for  the motorway for more than an hour.
I (live) have been living without electricity for two weeks.
The film (run / not) has not been running for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
How long (work / she) has she been working in the garden?
She (not / be) has not been in the garden for more than an hour.

5B Test 2

Insert present perfect or present perfect continuous:
We can go home. We  have mended three cars today. (mend) 
We  have been repairing cars since 1 o'clock and we aren't finished. (repair)
Fortunately, I have found my credit card. Here it is. (find) 
I  have been looking for my keys since we came home. Where are they?! (look for) 
She has been making puddings all day. (make) 
How many puddings has she made? (make / she) 
What have you been doing? You are so dirty! (do / you) 
Why are you crying? - I  have been watching a film. (watch) 
Joy  has sent you a letter. Look! (send) has sent
I  have been cleaning windows since lunch time. It's so exhausting. (clean)
I can see that you have cleaned the windows in the hall and in the kitchen. (clean)
You  have been working in the garden so long. You shoud take a rest now. (work) 
How many years has he had this car? (have / he)  

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