1A Vocabulary
appetizer
(noun) – food served before the main course
For our appetizers we’ll have spring rolls and fish cakes, please.
aroma
(noun) – a nice smell, especially from food, wine, coffee, etc.
I love the aroma of freshly baked bread.
bake
(verb) – to cook in an oven
Have you ever tried baking a cake?
bland
(adjective) – having little taste; tasteless
Most people think British food is bland.
course
(noun) – one part of a meal
French meals usually have three courses; the hors d’oeuvre, the entrée and the dessert.
cuisine
(noun) – a country or region’s style of cooking
There’s more to Italian cuisine than pizza and pasta.
cutlery (also silverware)
(noun) – knives, forks, and spoons used for eating
We only use our best cutlery on special occasions.
dairy product
(noun) – a food made from milk, like butter, cheese, yoghurt, etc.
Dairy products are becoming more popular in Asia.
delicious
(adjective) – tasting very good
The food in this restaurant is really delicious.
dessert
(noun) – sweet food eaten at the end of a meal
Have you ever tried Middle eastern desserts like baklava?
diet
(noun) – all the foods a person or animal usually eats
My doctor said a vegetarian diet rich in protein is best.
dish
(noun) – 1. a deep plate for cooking or serving food.
2. food prepared and cooked in a particular way
2. food prepared and cooked in a particular way
I baked the pie in a special pie dish.
What’s your favourite French dish?
entrée
(noun) – 1. the main course of a meal
2. a course before the main course (Br English)
2. a course before the main course (Br English)
What did you order for your entrée?
fast food
(noun) – quickly served food like burgers, French fries, fried chicken, etc.
I only get fast food if I don’t have time to cook.
flavour (or flavor in US spelling)
(noun) – the taste of food or drink
Japanese people think how food looks is as important as the flavour.
fry
(verb) – to cook something in hot oil or fat
Heat oil in a pan and fry the chopped onions for five minutes.
grain
(noun) – seeds used as food like wheat, rice, lentils, etc.
Grains like wheat and rye are used to make different kinds of bread.
grill
(verb) – to cook something just above or below a heat source
Grilling a fish is better than frying it.
heart disease
(noun) – disease caused by damage to the heart or nearby blood vessels
Eating fatty food increases your risk of developing heart disease.
ingredients
(noun) – all the foods used to make a dish or meal
What ingredients do we need to make spaghetti sauce?
junk food
(noun) – foods and food products that are unhealthy because of all the fat, salt or sugar they contain
People who love junk food soon get fat and unhealthy.
kitchenware
(noun) – things used for preparing food like knives, spoons, pots, dishes, etc.
Our kitchen cupboards are full of kitchenware we hardly ever use.
menu
(noun) – the list of foods and drinks served in a restaurant, café, pub, etc.
Let’s check the menu before deciding whether to eat here.
nutritious
(adjective) – having nourishing substances we need in order to be healthy
Thai food’s nutritious as well as being delicious.
obesity
(noun) – the unhealthy condition of being very fat or overweight
Obesity wasn’t a serious problem here until Western companies opened fast food outlets.
poultry
(noun) – birds that people eat, like chickens, ducks, geese, etc
Factory farms keep poultry in tiny cages and the birds never see the outside world.
recipe
(noun) – instructions for cooking a dish or a meal
My mum has a great recipe for chocolate pudding.
seafood
(noun) – anything from the sea that can be eaten
If you eat vegetarian food plus fish and seafood, but not meat or poultry, you’re a pescetarian.
tableware
(noun) – things used for serving or eating a meal such as knives, forks, plates, glasses, etc.
Most of our wedding gifts were tableware of one sort or another.
tasteless
(adjective) – having very little flavour
Vegetarian food can be a bit tasteless, but it can also be really delicious.
tasty
(adjective) – having a good taste; delicious
Bob thinks Indian food is tastier than Chinese food.
1A Reading
HOW TO MAKE SHEPHERD’S PIE:
To make this Irish shepherd’s pie recipe, simply:
To make this Irish shepherd’s pie recipe, simply:
- Cook the mashed potatoes. Cook the large potatoes in a large stockpot until tender. Then drain, mash, and stir in the remaining mashed potato ingredients until combined. Set aside for later.
- Brown the meat. Meanwhile, in a large sauté pan, cook the ground beef or lamb in a bit of oil until browned, crumbling it with a wooden spoon as it cooks. Then transfer it to a separate plate with a wooden spoon, reserving any grease that it has left behind.
- Sauté the veggies. Cook the onion, carrots, celery, mushrooms and garlic in the leftover grease (or you can add in extra oil) until they are softened as well.
- Add in the flour and wine. Stir in the flour to help thicken the sauce. Then add the wine, and scrape the bottom of the pan with your wooden spoon to loosen any of those tasty brown bits.
- Add the remaining sauce ingredients. Stock, tomato paste, Worcestershire sauce, bay leaf, herbs and frozen peas. Then give everything a good stir, and cook the mixture until it reaches a simmer. Reduce the heat to let it simmer for a few more minutes, so that those herbs can really season the sauce. Then remove the herbs (including bay leaves), stir in the cooked meat, give the mixture a taste, and season with salt and pepper as needed.
- Layer it all up. Transfer the filling mixture to a 9 x 13-inch baking dish, and spread it out in an even layer. Then spoon the mashed potatoes on top and carefully spread them out in an even layer as well.
- Bake. Pop the whole dish in the oven for about 20 minutes, or until the potatoes are lightly golden and the filling starts to bubble up around the edges. (If you would like the potatoes to be a bit more browned, you can turn on the broiler for 1 or 2 extra minutes.)
- Garnish and serve. Then remove the pan from the oven, sprinkle with a few extra herbs if you would like, and dish it up while the shepherd’s pie is still nice and warm. Yum.
1A Grammar
A verb which isn’t stative is called a dynamic verb, and is usually an action.
Be
Be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous it means ‘behaving’ or ‘acting’.
You are stupid = it’s part of your personality
You are being stupid = only now, not usually
Be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous it means ‘behaving’ or ‘acting’.
You are stupid = it’s part of your personality
You are being stupid = only now, not usually
Think
think (stative) = have an opinion
I think that coffee is great.
think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head
I’m thinking about my next holiday.
Have
have (stative) = own
I have a car.
have (dynamic) = part of an expression
I’m having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / a break.
See
see (stative) = see with your eyes / understand
I see what you mean.
I see her now, she’s just coming along the road.
see (dynamic) = meet / have a relationship with
I’ve been seeing my boyfriend for three years.
I’m seeing Robert tomorrow.
Taste
taste (stative) = has a certain taste. This soup tastes great
The coffee tastes really bitter.
taste (dynamic) = the action of tasting
The chef is tasting the soup.
(‘taste’ is the same as other similar verbs such as ‘smell’)
1A Test 1
Put the verbs in the right form.
Actually, that sounds (sound) wonderful.
We are cooking (cook) right now.
He promises (promise) to be back soon.
Frank and his wife disagree (disagree) on this matter.
He owns (own) several large companies.
Doyou hear (hear) Richard's voice now?
Are you studying (study) at the moment?
I mean (mean) to hurt you.
Do you mind (mind) taking out the garbage?
I seriously doubt (doubt) it.
1A Test 2
Quiz
1А
Stative verb or action verb? Choose the most appropriate answer.
He often helps other people. I ________ he is a good man.
Right!
Nope!
Nope!
Nope!
I ________ about this project since last spring.
Right!
Can you help me, please? I ________ for Mr. Smith’s office.
Nope!
Correct!
Nope!
Nope!
Is that Alan over there? He ________ old and tired. Is he sick?
She ________ the soup in the kitchen when the telephone rang.
This soup ________ good. I really like it.
Could you call a little later? We ________ dinner now.
She ________ him for quite a long time. They are good friends.
Your bag ________ a ton. There are too many books in it.
I ________ a little boy in the room. He is sleeping on the sofa.
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